Racial Identity And Access For High Academic Achievement

Racial Identity and Access to High Academic Achievement Modern research identifies race as a cause for educational attainment disparities; despite this conclusion, researchers have not yet ascertained a definitive reason why students of minority races have lesser academic achievement when provided the same economic opportunities and environment in which to learn as white students. Several hypotheses assert that the inequalities must be due to racialized peer pressure and unjust teacher interactions or different racial expectations to which minority students and white students hold themselves. In her article â€Å"Studying While Black: Trust, Opportunity, and Disrespect,† Sally Haslanger asserts that blacks are denied access to equal opportunity for knowledge based on racial discrimination and the resulting ego depletion of black students; she states that unjust epistemic exclusion is the cause for the education gap between blacks and whites. In â€Å"It s Not A Black Thing : Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other Dilemmas of High Achievement,† Tyson, Darity, and Castellino argue that black culture encourages black youths to uphold stereotypes and underperform in school so as not to be the target of racial bullying. If a black child were to achieve highly in school, they would be, in high school culture, â€Å"acting white,† which may cause peers to bully them. Generally, this study says that cultural norms may influence race differences in education but does not holdShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of The Model Minority Stereotype1676 Words   |  7 Pagesintelligence and education; Jews are shrewd and miserly. What is unique about stereotypes concerning Asian American are the comparatively positive connotations compared to other ethnic and racial groups. Asian Americans are what is known as the model minority. They are considered to have strong work ethic and high intelligence and are the successful minority group (Beyond mo del minority status 19). While being the model minority sounds flattering and beneficial on the surface, it can alsoRead MoreUnderstanding The Family Dynamics, And School Preparation917 Words   |  4 Pagesvariables that influence student achievement, I agree with Dr. Sampson that attitudes and behavior is perhaps the foundation for achievement outcomes. Common practices such as parents helping with home-work and properly supervising children are referenced as key supports for academic success. Other strengths of Dr. Sampson arguments include the critical assessment that community organization, families and schools need to collaborate in effort to foster greater academic achievement in students. By acknowledgingRead MoreJohn Ogbu s Oppositional Culture Theory1325 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Ogbu’s oppositional culture theory explains racial differences in educational performance by looking at the societal structures of minorities. Ogbu uses case studies which he looks at the affluent neighborhoods that represent oppositional culture. There are several explanations as to academic disengagement among certain minorities. He also looks at white academic efforts and explanations of their own disengagement. According to James Ainsworth-Darnell and Douglas Downey, they state that, â€Å"ImmigrantRead MoreAffirmative Action For College Admissions990 Words   |  4 Pagesthe life experiences of black, Latino, and Native American students. The impact of race on their lives af fects their learning and puts them at a disadvantage socially, economically, and psychologically. Secondly, they argue that factors that assess academic competence, such as grades, standardized test scores, and course loads, only test the skills that students gain based on the amount of resources that are available to them; minorities tend to have less resources. Thirdly, they point out that a diverseRead MorePhysical Maturation B : Cognitive Development And Schooling1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthinking about them. Adolescents build up personal fables that affect their immunity and uniqueness to harm. Student’s performance is affected by less intensive instruction and less time spent in classes. Academic performance is depending on socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity. Web access will have both positive and negative points. There are several reasons for drop the school such as problem with languages, pregnancy and economic status. Adolescents use drugs for pleasurable expe rience toRead MoreSocioeconomic Inequality Between White Students And Minority Students1605 Words   |  7 PagesEducational inequality is attributed to economic disparities that often falls along racial lines and much modern conversation about educational equity conflates the two, showing how they are inseparable from residential location and, more recently, language.Educational inequality between white students and minority students continues to perpetuate social and economic inequality. Throughout the world, there have been continuous attempts to reform education at all levels. With different causes thatRead MoreCulturally Responsive Teaching : An Emerging Field1509 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference is the single largest difference in U.S. schools and also the most neglected. The goal of Culturally Responsive Teaching is to provide an equal opportunity for all students to learn in school, regardless of their gender, social class, ethnic, racial or cultural characteristics (Banks 2005). Ladson-Billings (1994) suggest that the historic failings of educators in educating non-white students is that educators attempt to insert culture into education rather than insert education into the cultureRead MoreThe Key Elements Of Educational Opportunity Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pages Hammond recognizes this and after presenting her concerns, she postulates that to achieve a greater democracy we must continue to work to â€Å"equalize access to educational opportunity†(H ammond 2010) by focusing on â€Å"five key elements: Meaningful learning goals...Intelligent reciprocal accountability systems...equitable and adequate resources...Strong professional standards and supports...Schools organized for student and teacher learning.† (Hammond 2010). Although well intentioned past federal reformsRead MoreAsian American And Asian Americans964 Words   |  4 PagesMany Asian Americans take great pride in a strong work ethic and an equally strong value system in terms of educational achievement. This cultural legacy stems from a long tradition of Asians coming into America as immigrants since the 19th century. During this time, there are third and fourth generation Asian Americans that have adopted the principles of a quality education and strong work ethic as part of being of Asian descent in a primarily white Anglo-American population. Culturally, many AsiansRead MoreA Study of Factors Contributing to the Lack of Success and Participation of African American in Males in Advance Placement Classes1538 Words   |  7 Pagesbrief review of those factors that contribute to the academic achievement gap between African American males. A sample of 25 8th grade, African American, male students from Dent Middle School will be identifyied as participates for the research. Although there has been research written about the achievement gap between African American and their counterparts, the literature is limited regarding strategies tailored specifically to address the achievement gap between African American males. Participant’s

Isolation Within The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Isolation in The Scarlet Letter In a community, people understand and know each other. In most cases, individuals grow up together and share the same ideals and customs. When a new person shows up, people tend to flock and try to form a persona of the person. Many people expect him or her to fit into the community very fast and follow their laws and customs without complaint. Unfortunately, not everyone can act as a perfect person, and mistakes or problems can occur, which leads to the isolation and alienation of the person from the rest of the community. Through the use of a historical lens in the 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne explores how the isolation of people and alienation of the communities who enact the isolation occurs from the strict belief structure of the Puritan communities; therefore, people need to forgive the mistakes and wrongs of others if they show remorse for their actions. Throughout history, the Puritan communities govern their communities on the basis of their religion and man-made laws. In many cases, like in Hester’s community, the church and governing body share very similar beliefs and leads to a strong connection with law and religion. According to Robert Higgs, people in Puritan communities did not feel guilt in â€Å"using government coercion† on others they believe do not follow their teachings to â€Å"knock some sense into the offender† (469). Puritan beliefs center around the laws from the bible. To keep the members of theShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1631 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s personal isolation originated in his early childhood and later developed the theme for his most renowned literary novel, The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne emphasized the impact that societal isolation can have on individuals. Several of the victims inflicted with isolation throughout the novel were ultimately met with their inevitable downfalls. One particular character, Hester Prynne, was selected to undergo a struggle comparable to Hawthorne’sRead MoreAntifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter1388 Words   |  6 PagesAntifeminist and Feminism within The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† Hester Prynne is accused and convicted of adultery. During the puritan era women in this society had specific obligations and rights they had to maintain. By Hester having an affair and acting unladylike the community disapproved of her actions causing everyone to isolate her in her town. Due to Hester Prynne’s Isolation and the harsh judgment she received from everyone in her town, she goes throughRead MoreSpheres in Scarlet Letter Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesdefine who they are. Nathaniel Hawthorne also criticizes the Utopian ideals that societies often hold in his novel, The Scarlet Letter. The main character, Hester goes astray from the rules of her Puritan town and must wear a scarlet letter on her chest to declare her sin. The scarlet letter isolates Hester from the pressures to conform to society, giving her the opportunity to find her individualistic moral perspective in life and she shares this revel ation with Dimmesdale. Hawthorne conveys this conceptRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Hugues Merle1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scarlet Letter (Figure 1) painted by Hugues Merle in 1861 depicts the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathanial Hawthorne. Hester Prynne, an adulteress forced to wear the letter â€Å"A† upon her bosom forever, becomes an outcast from the community with her daughter, Pearl. Merle was often known for painting scenes of mothers and children. He illustrates the scene of Hester and Pearl sitting in the town square as part of her punishment. The townspeople walk by, pointing fingers and making shrewd remarksRead More The Double Life Exposed in The Scarlet Letter Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesin The Scarlet Letter    Irish novelist Brian Moore observed, There comes a point in many peoples lives when they can no longer play the role they have chosen for themselves.   From Hollywood movie stars to professional athletes, people have and will continue to lead false lives, under the public spotlight, concealing their personal travails.   In literature, the preceding statement has held true numerous times, in works such as Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet LetterRead More The Symbolic Use of Nature in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Symbolic Use of Nature in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚     In Nathaniel Hawthornes classic The Scarlet Letter, nature plays a very important and symbolic role.   Hawthorne uses nature to convey the mood of a scene, to describe characters, and to link the natural elements with human nature.   Many of the passages that have to do with nature accomplish more than one of these ideas.   All throughout the book, nature is incorporated into the story line. The deep symbolism conveyed by certain aspectsRead MoreBeing A Single Parent By Nathaniel Hawthorne1574 Words   |  7 Pagesof nobles to satan status. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, Hester Prynne is selected for this demanding role, and from the start nothing goes smoothly for the heroine. Though Hester herself is in fact married,she found herself falling for her local reverend, Arthur Dimmesdale, who held a mutual devotion to Hester as she did him. In the midst of their passion little baby Pearl was born, and Hester, whose husband has been missing for years, was for ced into isolation in the woods for her sin, whileRead MoreHester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth in Puritan Society Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pageshimself and the community. Hester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth experience different types of isolation, and while Hester chooses to transcend Puritan laws and live a purposeful life regardless of how it affects her, Chillingworth decides to become infatuated with the sin of Arthur Dimmesdale and live in revenge outside of Puritan society which ultimately leads to his demise. Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Puritan society greatly affects the characters boundaries, limitations, and expectations becauseRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, Walden By Henry David Thoreau, And Beloved By Toni Morrison806 Words   |  4 Pages In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Walden by Henry David Thoreau, and Beloved by Toni Morrison, the authors describe cruel and flawed aspects of society as system and human nature in individuals within a society. As a punishment for adultery, Hester Prynne, the main character in The Scarlet Letter, was required to wear a scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest and stand on the scaffold in the town center every day to endure public shaming. During his stay at Walden Pond, Thoreau escapes the rigidityRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Hester from The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne977 Words   |  4 PagesHester from The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne With nothing now to lose in the sight of mankind, and with no hope, and seemingly no wish, of gaining anything, it could only be a genuine regard for virtue that had brought back the poor wanderer to its paths. (153) With his precise diction Nathaniel Hawthorne displays an interesting conflict based on a disagreement between the protagonist, Hester Prynne, and the strict Puritan society around her in his novel The Scarlet Letter. This disagreement

War on Terrorism

Question: Discuss about theWar on Terrorism. Answer: PART: 1 It is true that terrorism has become a major subject of uneasiness to all over the world. But, the other fact is that terrorism as well as terrorist activities are not a new phenomenon to the world. Along with this, terrorists have spoiled the imaginations of the people. In this situation, popular culture has played a major role in order to understand terrorism in the 21st century. It is because of culture is a social-scientific sense of beliefs as well as values of the people. Moreover, it is also considered as a central component of the religions of people. The popular cultural illustrated that religion will be the most prominent dimension of terrorism of the 21st century. The event of 11 September is a major example of this (Howie, 2011). Apart from this, with the help of popular culture, people be acquainted with that Islamic and Western Judeo-Christian are the two main cultures that will be responsible for the new terrorism in the world. On the other hand, the culture demonstrates that terrorism efforts and attacks all around the world have disturbed the relationship of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim culture. Afghanistan and Iraq wars are the biggest examples of this. For that reason, in the 21st century, religion will be entrapped with political, ecological, social, economic and cultural dynamics. It will create the environment of tension, fear, and fuel resistance to all over the world. These things will be visible in acts of terrorism (Tuzuner, 2010). Along with this, the popular culture also explains that terrorism of the 21st century also involves all the things of the 20th century. But, the youth culture may play a major role to reduce the terrorism in the 21st century. The popular culture states that the religion will be root of terrorism in the 21st century. Currently, terrorism has created an environment of fear, anxiety and terror to all over the world. But, the emotions like fear, anxiety and terror cannot reduce the impact of terrorism. Apart from this, in real, emotions of people play a significant role in order to increase the terrorist attacks and activities in the world. The major reason behind it is that the objective of terrorist is only to spread and create fear in the minds of people. In other words, it also can be said that, the success of terrorism is only measured by its ability of spreading fear and triggering emotions among its targets (Waxman, 2011). Terrorist takes help of the emotions of people to accomplish their aims and objectives in a specified time period. Terrorist believe that by spreading fear and terror within the public they can make pressure on the government to proceed in ways they desire. Along with this, terrorist accept as true that fear, terror, anxiety, etc. are crucial to accomplish their political strategy in a desired way. Emotions of people are the major tools that the terrorist use to fulfill their goals in a proper way. For that reason, it is clear that, emotions of people do not reduce the impact of terrorism. In opposite to this, emotions improve the impact of terrorism. In this situation, stronger beliefs of the people may beneficial in order to reduce fear and anxiety of the people. So, people must follow stronger coping beliefs to reduce their emotions in an appropriate way. The reduced emotions will make people stronger at the time of terrorists attacks (Bongar, 2007). As a result, it can be said that, stronger coping beliefs will be advantageous to reduce the impact of terrorism in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Terrorism is only the most visible form of violence in a system of violence that sustains geopolitical normality. There are numerous reasons behind this. For case, the main reason is that, at the time of terrorist attacks, all the nations come together to found an appropriate solution to deal the situation in an appropriate way. For instance, the 9/11 attacks is a major example that show that how terror changes the geopolitical setting of the nations. On the other hand, it should be noted down that, terrorists basically use social terror to put in force the regularization process of the governments of the nations. In this situation, geographical and political regularity as well as unity of nations play a critical role to reduce the impact of social terror on the regularization process of the governments (Huggan and Law, 2011). They also make efforts to standardize their economy and society in order to maintain geopolitical normality effectively. Apart from this, the reality is that terrorism is only the most visible form of violence that makes efforts to ruin the geopolitical normality of nation. It is because of the major objective of terrorists is to break the unity of the nations; so they may accomplish their desired goals in a very easy way. But, all the nations are aware about the strategies of the terrorists. So, they make all their possible efforts to maintain unity and geopolitical normality at the time of crisis. In fact, terrorism is a sign of geopolitical disentanglement. It affects international relations of nations on a global level. Alternatively, it gives power to the nations; so they can handle all the situations in a proper way (Morgan, 2009). As a result, it can be said that terrorism is the most visible form of violence that sustains geopolitical normality effectively. PART: 2 Introduction It is well-known that, nowadays, terrorism has become a major topic of discussion to all over the world. Terrorist are using violence or terror as a tactic to achieve their goals as well as objectives. In this situation, all the nations are making their best efforts to face the continuing challenges of terrorism, violence and war. This research essay is helpful to describe the role of theory in responding to the ongoing challenges of terrorism, violence and war in an effective way. Role of Theory to Respond the Ongoing Challenges of Terrorism, Violence and War Terrorism has been emerged as a major problem that is creating the environment of violence and fear in the world. Terrorists are implementing terrorism, violence and war to accomplish their political as well as social goals in an unscrupulous way. Along with this, theories play important roles in order to respond the ongoing challenges of terrorism, violence and war in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Terrorism theories are also considered as the major field of terrorism studies. Terrorism theories play a significant role in order to comprehend terrorism as a social construction that is used to certain violent acts all the way through a range of political, legal and intellectual processes (Christensen, Lgreid and Rykkja, 2012). Moreover, the theories are also used to understand and analysis dominant forms of terrorism in an effective way. On the other hand, the major objective of terrorism theories is to approach the enduring challenges of terrorism in a critical way. Moreover, the theories also beneficial to adopt and implement a more self-consciously approach to deal with the challenges of terrorism in an appropriate way. The theory also plays an important role in order to suggest an alternative way that may be beneficial to respond the ongoing challenges of terrorism, violence and war effectively. Along with this, ontological and epistemological are the two major theories that offer different perspectives in the studies of terrorism (Thackrah, 2013). According to the ontological perspective, terrorism is basically a social fact as opposed to brute fact. Moreover, the epistemological theory states that terrorism studies are social processes those rely on contextual factors for the human safety and security. In addition to this, there are numerous important roles that the terrorism theories should play in responding to the ongoing challenges of terrorism, violence and war. For case, the theory should illustrate that terrorism is influencing the whole society and it is a social process. So, the people should work jointly to defeat the constant challenges of terrorism in an effective and a proper manner. Along with this, the theory should address the areas of terror deterrence, intelligence congregation and information distribution to confirm the human safety and home security. Moreover, the theories should offer community policing practices that may be beneficial to support the safety and security of nations or people (Heazle, 2012). For case, adoption of the philosophy organization-wide, delegation of decision-making accountability, distribution of geographic general responsibilities, and deployment of volunteer resources are some of the major examples of these community policing pract ices. Along with this, the theories should recommend law enforcement in order to respond the challenges of terrorism, violence and war in an effective way. The main reason behind it is that these law enforcement officers make contacts with the people who are either openly or circuitously occupied in the terrorist activities. It is because of with the help of these contacts, the officers come to know about the potential terrorist activities and make efforts to fail these activities for the safety and security of people or nations (Bossong, 2011). Moreover, the theories should play a critical role in order to comprehend the nature, dynamics, and procedures of international terrorist groups that they may maneuver in or against the nations. The theorist should also recognize the movements, locations and plans of terrorist groups for the safety or security of the nations. In the same manner, the terrorism theories should assemble analyze perspicacity on probable terrorist activities, demeanor threat assessments, and also perform inquiries investigations in responding to the ongoing challenges of terrorism, violence and war in an appropriate way. Moreover, the theory should play a major role to improve the intellectual power of the people; so they become to understand the hidden motives of the terrorists. They may understand that terrorism only works for the distortion of the humanity. People should know that their unity is a major tool that can play a major role to overcome the continuing challenges of terrorism, violence and war (Rineheart, 2010). In this situation, the theory should conduct effective training program to improve the education level of people towards the terrorism. It is because of with the help of this, they would be able to apply effective problem solving tactics or strategies to defeat the constant challenges of terrorism in an e ffective and an appropriate manner. Conclusion On the premise of the above analysis, it can be said that, the theories of terrorism may play important roles to reduce the ongoing challenges of terrorism and to create an environment of peace within the nations. References Bongar, B.M. (2007). Psychology of Terrorism. USA: Oxford University Press. Bossong, R. (2011). Public good theory and the added valueof the EUs counterterrorism policy. Economics of Security Working Paper, (42). Christensen, T., Lgreid, P. and Rykkja, L.H. (2012). How to cope with a terrorist attack?A challenge for the political and administrative leadership (pp. 1-35). COCOPS Working Paper 6. Heazle, M. (2012). Uncertainty in Policy Making: Values and Evidence in Complex Decisions. NY: Routledge. Howie, L. (2011). Terror on the Screen: Witnesses and the Re-animation of 9/11 as Image-event, Popular Culture. USA: New Academia Publishing, LLC. Huggan, G. and Law, I. (2011). Racism Postcolonialism Europe. Australia: Liverpool University Press. Morgan, M. (2009). The Impact of 9/11 on Religion and Philosophy: The Day that Changed Everything? USA: Springer. Rineheart, J. (2010). Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency. Perspectives on Terrorism, 4(5). Thackrah, J.R. (2013). Dictionary of Terrorism. NY: Routledge. Tuzuner, M. (2010). Intelligence Cooperation Practices in the 21st Century: Towards a Culture of Sharing. USA: IOS Press. Waxman, D. (2011). Living with terror, not living in terror: the impact of chronic terrorism on Israeli society. Perspectives on Terrorism, 5(5-6).

Solutions to Social Problems Essay Example

Solutions to Social Problems Essay In Solutions to Social Problems From the Bottom Up: Successful Social Movements by D. Stanley Eitzen and Kenneth Stewart, a light is shone on how incredibly powerful social movements may be. The United States has been no stranger to social movements and the influential leaders that have made them known. The novel describes in detail the various accounts that African Americans, women and other minorities fought for equal rights in the United States and even around the world. The first three chapters of the novel reveal a few articles that expand on a few of the major social movements in the United States and exactly how they have affected modern day. Direct action today may not always be as obvious as the actions taken during the early social movements but they are constantly present in our everyday life whether it is realized or not. It is clear through the reading that the actions during these movements were life altering for not only that time but for the future. The direct actions of our generation will shape those generations ahead of us. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Social Problems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Social Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Social Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the novel the first three chapters introduce some of the most powerful and successful movements in the United States. The first chapter breaks down what a social movement is and how an issue can become a social movement. It also reveals why social movements are actually necessary for society. The chapter explains how people of the minority, whether it is race or religion or sexuality, have constantly fought with the oppressors of society for equal rights. It defines a social movement as the collective attempt to promote, resist or reverse change. It goes on to explain that the key to any successful social movement is ideology. The ideology provides the goals and rationale for the movement, brings together minorities for a common cause and brings the action to attention for all individuals who believe in the fight. The chapter also breaks down the three types of social movements. There are resistance movements which resist change, for example the anti-abortion activists. There are reform movements that want to change a specific part of society like women’s rights or gay rights. And there are revolutionary movements who are looking for radical and drastic changes like the situation with Fidel Castro in Cuba or the American Revolution. The chapter also reveals the steps of a social movement. The first step is to attract members for the cause; second step is to focus on the fight which usually takes place after an outrageous act is performed against the group. The third step is to become an organization, with leaders and roles for the members. The final step may or may not occur. The fourth and final step is to integrate the movement into society. This will only happen if the movement has been successful however. In the chapter Howard Zinn and David Meyer give both past and present day examples of successful social movements. Zinn looks into those who protested the war in Vietnam. He focuses on the May 1970 sit down protest where activists sat down in front of the buses deporting soldiers to make a statement. Meyer gives an example that more recently occurred. In January 2003 tens of thousands of people marched into Washington to protest the invasion on Iraq. Both Zinn and Meyer explain that even the smallest actions can change the world. By coming together and taking a stand it may make the government and the rest of society take notice and make a change. The second chapter gets into more detail about some of the history’s most infamous and important movements. It focuses on the Civil Rights Movement, Women’s Rights Movement and the Gay Rights Movement. The first article in this chapter by Taylor Branch gives an example of a peaceful protest during the Civil Rights Movement. In Greensboro, it began with black college students sitting at the white counter refusing to move until they were served, and ended up a nationwide action with groups all across the south imitating them. It often resulted in the arrests of many black people but they were determined to be heard and often many of them chose jail over community service. Their actions may not have made a drastic change then, but the impact it had on the future is astounding. The second article by Charles Wilson reveals the struggles of the disabled people. In September 1984 a dozen men and women in wheel chairs rolled in front a city bus and refused to move. They were trying to bring attention to the lack of transportation for disabled people in the city. The article reveals how many people wait hours and hours sometimes in the cold or rain to be given a ride somewhere they need to go. The protest occurred in a few city buses, determined to make their voices heard. Each member of the protest wore a name tag that read: Hi My Name is Rosa Parks. This small gesture proves that the actions taken by Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. and so many other activists made an immense impact on the future. The third chapter focuses on the effects of these movements and how people are still benefiting from them today. In this chapter examples of the Dorr Rebellion and how women won the right to vote are discussed as well as the Mississippi Freedom Summer. The main point of each article in this chapter is to show how much of an impact people in these movements and in the past have had on our future. Without Dorr’s fight for the equality to vote among the white men it would not have led to African Americans earning the right to vote or women’s right to vote. Women’s right to vote is also due to the strong fight of Susan B. Anthony. It is a ripple effect. Each movement made strides and changes in society only to raise the awareness of new ones to improve on. The tragic losses of the Freedom Summer in Mississippi revealed to the North and the rest of the South how horrific the tension between whites and blacks was becoming and it made people realize it needed to be stopped. Without the fearlessness of people like Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. , Susan B. Anthony and many more activist leaders our society today would have a lot more social problems. Direct action can be defined as any action seeking to achieve an immediate or direct result, especially an action against an established authority or powerful institution such as by strike or picketing. Direct action can be anything from a peaceful march to protest, to angry picketers chanting and refusing to work or support the issue they are protesting. An example of direct action could be the picketers and protesters that stand outside of Women’s clinics where abortions are performed. In extreme cases, girls and women that go into the clinic get screamed at and bombarded with accusations and threatening words telling them not to kill their baby. On the other hand you may find pro choice activists arguing back, holding signs and protesting for women to have their own choice. One of the most well known forms of direct action occurred in the Civil Rights Movement. It began with a woman named Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat for a white person and snowballed into a social movement that would change our country. The leader of the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr. believed in non-violent forms of direct actions which is why a majority of the protests that occurred in the Civil Rights Movement were sit-ins or peaceful marches and rallies. Direct action has been around as long as there have been struggles in world. It can be violent or non violent and focus on a broad range of topics. In his book, Direct Action, William Mellor believed that direct action occurred between the workplace and employees. He gave examples of lockouts, strikes and picketing and even sabotage in order for workers or employers to get what they want. U. S. anarchist and feminist Voltairine de Cleyre on the other hand believed that direct action focused more on civil rights. As it turns out, they are both correct. Today you see workers going on strike for better wages or better treatment and you also see people demanding for civil rights. The most popular and controversial protest of modern day is gay rights. Even in such modern time there are still many people who oppose homosexuality. The struggle for equal rights, mainly the right to be married, is still ongoing for homosexuals. They have not given up the fight however, even making progress in the few states that have legalized gay marriage. Today there are vast numbers of activist groups that are taking direct action to make changes in society. Even with all the hard work from Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. and Susan B. Anthony there are still social problems today. With the change of one thing comes an issue of another. Today there are the social problems of the War in Iraq, the abortion dilemma, gay marriage dilemma, health care reform and so much more. No matter how far in the future we go, there will always be a social problem that will require the direct action of those who strongly believe in it. After reading this novel by D. Stanley Eitzen and Kenneth Stewart, I was once again amazed at the brave actions taken by the leaders in our past and present. I never realized the importance social movements have on our society. The Civil Rights Movement led to African Americans earning equality, the Dorr Rebellion earned all white men the right to vote which led to the movements of Women’s Voting Rights and African American’s voting rights. With these movements resolved the nation looked more closely at how it can change and the workplace was improved as was the equality of women and men. Today without these movements the world would be a far less amazing place. Today thanks to the bravery of activist leaders and members who took a stand on the important issues and refused to back down, men and women can work the same job, they can both vote in elections. African Americans are part of our society and we now embrace minorities as regular people just like anyone else. We were able to make historical changes then, and I hope we are able to make them now as well. There are still important issues that are being raised. It is time for our generation and future generations to step up and follow in the footsteps of those before us. The War in Iraq needs to be resolved, the abortion dilemma needs to end and what about global warming and our quickly deteriorating environment. Most importantly, gay rights to need to be recognized at last. No one should be able to say no to a gay couple who wants to get married. A gay man should be able to fight for his country and still be proud of his partner or sexuality without having to hide it as part of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell. This issue is important to me and if we were able to change this then it would have a huge impact on the future. Reading this novel, I felt inspired to make a change. Everyone needs to take a stand for something they believe in. If everyone were to do so, the world would be a much better place, and who knows, maybe one day far in the future we can all live peacefully and happily without any more social conflicts. Works Cited Direct Action. N. p. , 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. . Eitzen, D, Stanley, and Kenneth Stewart. Solutions to Social Problems from the Bottom up: Successful Social Movements. Boston: Pearson, 2007. Print. Social Movement. N. p. , 2 Apr. 2008. Web. 13 Apr. 2010. . Solutions to Social Problems Essay Example Solutions to Social Problems Essay In Solutions to Social Problems From the Bottom Up: Successful Social Movements by D. Stanley Eitzen and Kenneth Stewart, a light is shone on how incredibly powerful social movements may be. The United States has been no stranger to social movements and the influential leaders that have made them known. The novel describes in detail the various accounts that African Americans, women and other minorities fought for equal rights in the United States and even around the world. The first three chapters of the novel reveal a few articles that expand on a few of the major social movements in the United States and exactly how they have affected modern day. Direct action today may not always be as obvious as the actions taken during the early social movements but they are constantly present in our everyday life whether it is realized or not. It is clear through the reading that the actions during these movements were life altering for not only that time but for the future. The direct actions of our generation will shape those generations ahead of us. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Social Problems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Social Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Social Problems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the novel the first three chapters introduce some of the most powerful and successful movements in the United States. The first chapter breaks down what a social movement is and how an issue can become a social movement. It also reveals why social movements are actually necessary for society. The chapter explains how people of the minority, whether it is race or religion or sexuality, have constantly fought with the oppressors of society for equal rights. It defines a social movement as the collective attempt to promote, resist or reverse change. It goes on to explain that the key to any successful social movement is ideology. The ideology provides the goals and rationale for the movement, brings together minorities for a common cause and brings the action to attention for all individuals who believe in the fight. The chapter also breaks down the three types of social movements. There are resistance movements which resist change, for example the anti-abortion activists. There are reform movements that want to change a specific part of society like women’s rights or gay rights. And there are revolutionary movements who are looking for radical and drastic changes like the situation with Fidel Castro in Cuba or the American Revolution. The chapter also reveals the steps of a social movement. The first step is to attract members for the cause; second step is to focus on the fight which usually takes place after an outrageous act is performed against the group. The third step is to become an organization, with leaders and roles for the members. The final step may or may not occur. The fourth and final step is to integrate the movement into society. This will only happen if the movement has been successful however. In the chapter Howard Zinn and David Meyer give both past and present day examples of successful social movements. Zinn looks into those who protested the war in Vietnam. He focuses on the May 1970 sit down protest where activists sat down in front of the buses deporting soldiers to make a statement. Meyer gives an example that more recently occurred. In January 2003 tens of thousands of people marched into Washington to protest the invasion on Iraq. Both Zinn and Meyer explain that even the smallest actions can change the world. By coming together and taking a stand it may make the government and the rest of society take notice and make a change. The second chapter gets into more detail about some of the history’s most infamous and important movements. It focuses on the Civil Rights Movement, Women’s Rights Movement and the Gay Rights Movement. The first article in this chapter by Taylor Branch gives an example of a peaceful protest during the Civil Rights Movement. In Greensboro, it began with black college students sitting at the white counter refusing to move until they were served, and ended up a nationwide action with groups all across the south imitating them. It often resulted in the arrests of many black people but they were determined to be heard and often many of them chose jail over community service. Their actions may not have made a drastic change then, but the impact it had on the future is astounding. The second article by Charles Wilson reveals the struggles of the disabled people. In September 1984 a dozen men and women in wheel chairs rolled in front a city bus and refused to move. They were trying to bring attention to the lack of transportation for disabled people in the city. The article reveals how many people wait hours and hours sometimes in the cold or rain to be given a ride somewhere they need to go. The protest occurred in a few city buses, determined to make their voices heard. Each member of the protest wore a name tag that read: Hi My Name is Rosa Parks. This small gesture proves that the actions taken by Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. and so many other activists made an immense impact on the future. The third chapter focuses on the effects of these movements and how people are still benefiting from them today. In this chapter examples of the Dorr Rebellion and how women won the right to vote are discussed as well as the Mississippi Freedom Summer. The main point of each article in this chapter is to show how much of an impact people in these movements and in the past have had on our future. Without Dorr’s fight for the equality to vote among the white men it would not have led to African Americans earning the right to vote or women’s right to vote. Women’s right to vote is also due to the strong fight of Susan B. Anthony. It is a ripple effect. Each movement made strides and changes in society only to raise the awareness of new ones to improve on. The tragic losses of the Freedom Summer in Mississippi revealed to the North and the rest of the South how horrific the tension between whites and blacks was becoming and it made people realize it needed to be stopped. Without the fearlessness of people like Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. , Susan B. Anthony and many more activist leaders our society today would have a lot more social problems. Direct action can be defined as any action seeking to achieve an immediate or direct result, especially an action against an established authority or powerful institution such as by strike or picketing. Direct action can be anything from a peaceful march to protest, to angry picketers chanting and refusing to work or support the issue they are protesting. An example of direct action could be the picketers and protesters that stand outside of Women’s clinics where abortions are performed. In extreme cases, girls and women that go into the clinic get screamed at and bombarded with accusations and threatening words telling them not to kill their baby. On the other hand you may find pro choice activists arguing back, holding signs and protesting for women to have their own choice. One of the most well known forms of direct action occurred in the Civil Rights Movement. It began with a woman named Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat for a white person and snowballed into a social movement that would change our country. The leader of the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr. believed in non-violent forms of direct actions which is why a majority of the protests that occurred in the Civil Rights Movement were sit-ins or peaceful marches and rallies. Direct action has been around as long as there have been struggles in world. It can be violent or non violent and focus on a broad range of topics. In his book, Direct Action, William Mellor believed that direct action occurred between the workplace and employees. He gave examples of lockouts, strikes and picketing and even sabotage in order for workers or employers to get what they want. U. S. anarchist and feminist Voltairine de Cleyre on the other hand believed that direct action focused more on civil rights. As it turns out, they are both correct. Today you see workers going on strike for better wages or better treatment and you also see people demanding for civil rights. The most popular and controversial protest of modern day is gay rights. Even in such modern time there are still many people who oppose homosexuality. The struggle for equal rights, mainly the right to be married, is still ongoing for homosexuals. They have not given up the fight however, even making progress in the few states that have legalized gay marriage. Today there are vast numbers of activist groups that are taking direct action to make changes in society. Even with all the hard work from Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. and Susan B. Anthony there are still social problems today. With the change of one thing comes an issue of another. Today there are the social problems of the War in Iraq, the abortion dilemma, gay marriage dilemma, health care reform and so much more. No matter how far in the future we go, there will always be a social problem that will require the direct action of those who strongly believe in it. After reading this novel by D. Stanley Eitzen and Kenneth Stewart, I was once again amazed at the brave actions taken by the leaders in our past and present. I never realized the importance social movements have on our society. The Civil Rights Movement led to African Americans earning equality, the Dorr Rebellion earned all white men the right to vote which led to the movements of Women’s Voting Rights and African American’s voting rights. With these movements resolved the nation looked more closely at how it can change and the workplace was improved as was the equality of women and men. Today without these movements the world would be a far less amazing place. Today thanks to the bravery of activist leaders and members who took a stand on the important issues and refused to back down, men and women can work the same job, they can both vote in elections. African Americans are part of our society and we now embrace minorities as regular people just like anyone else. We were able to make historical changes then, and I hope we are able to make them now as well. There are still important issues that are being raised. It is time for our generation and future generations to step up and follow in the footsteps of those before us. The War in Iraq needs to be resolved, the abortion dilemma needs to end and what about global warming and our quickly deteriorating environment. Most importantly, gay rights to need to be recognized at last. No one should be able to say no to a gay couple who wants to get married. A gay man should be able to fight for his country and still be proud of his partner or sexuality without having to hide it as part of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell. This issue is important to me and if we were able to change this then it would have a huge impact on the future. Reading this novel, I felt inspired to make a change. Everyone needs to take a stand for something they believe in. If everyone were to do so, the world would be a much better place, and who knows, maybe one day far in the future we can all live peacefully and happily without any more social conflicts. Works Cited Direct Action. N. p. , 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. . Eitzen, D, Stanley, and Kenneth Stewart. Solutions to Social Problems from the Bottom up: Successful Social Movements. Boston: Pearson, 2007. Print. Social Movement. N. p. , 2 Apr. 2008. Web. 13 Apr. 2010. .